Optogenetics and Controlling the Human Mind

From the dawn of history to modern times humans have been using knowledge neural structures alter behavior (Faria, 2013). In brain stimulation experiments conducted on animals and even control mind (Marzullo, 2017; Bishop et al., 1963). Behavioral psychologist B.F. Skinner proposed that all can be controlled rewards punishments (Schultz & Schultz, 2019). A new technology in engineering known as optogenetics uses CRISPR Cas-9 genetically modify human neurons express photosensitive opsins thus fire when stimulated by certain light wavelengths (Boyden, 2011). Optogenetics offers greater spatial temporal activity than current technologies like transcranial magnetic or psychopharmacological drugs (Williams Entcheva, 2015; Deisseroth 2006; Shao 2018). The ethics potential side effects, invasiveness, abuse should taken into consideration before trials begin near future (Mathews, 2011; Gilbert, Harris, Kidd, 2021).